The Past, Present, and Future: Investigating Community Resilience in Tsunami Affected Coastal Areas after the 2018 Anak Krakatau Eruption
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23960/jpg.v14.i1.77Keywords:
tsunami, community preparedness, disaster literacy, local wisdom, LampungAbstract
The southern coast of Lampung is highly vulnerable to tsunamis, particularly in the aftermath of the 2018 Sunda Strait event, which caused severe physical destruction and lasting psychological trauma. This study employed a mixed-methods approach to examine the psychological impacts on survivors, disaster literacy among vulnerable groups, and the role of local wisdom in mitigation efforts. Quantitative data were obtained through surveys of 80 children aged 10–12 years, while qualitative data were collected via interviews with community elders, women, older adults, and local residents. The findings indicate that survivors continue to experience trauma in the form of fear, anxiety, and recurring nightmares, although family support and religious activities have facilitated recovery. Children’s disaster literacy was found to be at a moderate level, whereas women and older adults demonstrated higher preparedness through their knowledge of evacuation routes and participation in simulations. Local wisdom including the interpretation of natural signs, oral folklore, and communal prayers remains influential, despite the gradual decline of certain traditions. These findings highlight the importance of integrating local wisdom with technology, education, and institutional support to strengthen mitigation strategies in coastal areas.
Downloads
References
Affandi, M. I., Mayaguezz, H., Herison, A., Vanbudi, A., Ardianto, A., Saputro, E., & Andari, R. (2024). Risk and disaster management due to climate change disaster in East Teluk Betung Sub-District, Bandar Lampung City. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1394, No. 1, p. 012038). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1394/1/012038
Agustanti, D., Rihiantoro, T., & Purbianto, P. (2022). Community preparedness in dealing with tsunami disasters in coastal areas. Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 18.
Akhmad, M., La, I., Rahmat Sewa, S., La, J., Taufiq, S., & Rahmat, G. (2024). Understanding local wisdom as specific knowledge in natural disaster mitigation: An empirical lesson in Tiworo, Indonesia. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 46(3), 113.
Amri, I., Giyarsih, S. R., & Ruslanjari, D. (2024). Tsunami risk awareness, hazard warning knowledge, and intended evacuation behavior among beach users in Bantul, Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 109, 104594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104594
Asbi, A. M., Mardiatno, D., & Ruslanjari, D. (2025). Tsunami hazard area zonation using run-up modeling in the coastal area of Bandar Lampung City. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1479, No. 1, p. 012007). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1479/1/012007
Chernysh, I., Palayil, M. A., Caves, K. M., Renold, U., & Babich, K. (2025). The role of education in post-disaster reconstruction: A two-stage literature review. CES Working Paper Series, 26. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000730504
Dhellemmes, A., Leonard, G. S., Johnston, D. M., Vinnell, L. J., Becker, J. S., Fraser, S. A., & Paton, D. (2021). Tsunami awareness and preparedness in Aotearoa New Zealand: The evolution of community understanding. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 65, 102576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102576
Dogan, G. G., Annunziato, A., Hidayat, R., Husrin, S., Prasetya, G., Kongko, W., & Yalciner, A. C. (2021). Numerical simulations of December 22, 2018 Anak Krakatau tsunami and examination of possible submarine landslide scenarios. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 178, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-020-02641-7
Fauzi, M. A. R., Chairiyah, H. F., Ahmad, A. L., & Tarigan, T. A. B. (2024). Tsunami vulnerability study in Ngambur and Bengkunat districts, West Coast of Lampung using COMCOT. Marine Zone Journal of Marine Science and Technology Innovation, 213–222. https://doi.org/10.62012/zl.v5i3.41676
Febrina, R., Afriani, L., Susilorini, R. M. R., & Prastio, T. (2021). Vulnerability assessment of tsunami-affected inundated area using geospatial analysis based tsunami run-up simulation. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1062, No. 1, p. 012036). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1062/1/012036
Firdaus, K., Matin, A. M. A., Nurisman, N., & Magdalena, I. (2022). Numerical study for Sunda Strait tsunami wave propagation and its mitigation by mangroves in Lampung, Indonesia. Results in Engineering, 16, 100605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2022.100605
Genc, F. Z., Yildiz, S., Kaya, E., & Bilgili, N. (2022). Disaster literacy levels of individuals aged 18–60 years and factors affecting these levels: A web-based cross-sectional study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 76, 102991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102991
Irwansyah, M., Nursaniah, C., Qadri, L., & Mariana, M. (2024). City prone to natural disasters: Mitigating post-tsunami on the coastal of Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Environmental Challenges, 15, 100925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2024.100925
Jumadi, J., Priyono, K. D., Amin, C., Saputra, A., Gomez, C., Lam, K. C., & Wardani, K. S. (2025). Tsunami risk mapping and sustainable mitigation strategies for megathrust earthquake scenario in Pacitan coastal areas, Indonesia. Sustainability, 17(6), 2564. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062564
Kendall, D., Davies, G., Brannigan, A., Gho, R., Whitney, J., & Zanini, M. (2024). Science-informed risk reduction for earthquake-generated tsunamis in Western Australia. The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 39(4), 112–118.
Lahcene, E., Ioannou, I., Suppasri, A., Pakoksung, K., Paulik, R., Syamsidik, S., & Imamura, F. (2021). Characteristics of building fragility curves for seismic and non-seismic tsunamis. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 21(8), 2313–2344. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2313-2021
Mardika, M. G. I., Mashuri, M., & Safaraz, M. D. (2024). Study of modeling and mapping of tsunami inundation at Tanjung Setia Beach Lampung Province by utilizing Delft3D software. Jurnal Infrastruktur, 10(2), 123–133. https://doi.org/10.35814/infrastruktur.v10i2.6573
Muzani, M., Mataburu, I. B., & Tafiati, T. (2024). Vulnerability and tsunami disaster on the west coast Banten province, Indonesia. All Earth, 36(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/27669645.2024.2323355
Oetjen, J., Sundar, V., Venkatachalam, S., Reicherter, K., Engel, M., Schüttrumpf, H., & Sannasiraj, S. A. (2022). A comprehensive review on structural tsunami countermeasures. Natural Hazards, 113(3), 1419–1449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-022-05367-y
Ponangsera, I. S., Kurniadi, A., Puspitosari, D. A., & Hartono, D. (2021). Determination of tsunami run-up and golden time in the megathrust subduction zone of the Sunda Strait segment. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 331, p. 07007). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133107007
Primastuti, D. W., Tambunan, M. P., Nurlambang, T., & Adisty, M. (2024). Spatial dynamics of tsunami-prone areas in Kalianda Sub-District, South Lampung Regency. Eduvest: Journal of Universal Studies, 4(10), 9592–9600. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i10.1553
Pringgana, G., Cunningham, L. S., & Rogers, B. D. (2023). Mitigating tsunami effects on buildings via novel use of discrete onshore protection systems. Coastal Engineering Journal, 65(1), 149–173.
Putri, S. M. E., Wahono, E. P., Reza, M., & Azkia, L. I. (2024). The urban coastal settlement management strategy of Bumi Waras Sub-District, Bandar Lampung. Coastal and Ocean Journal, 8(2), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.29244/coj.v8i2.55754
Rahayu, H. P., Comfort, L. K., Khoirunnisa, D., & Nurhasanah, D. (2024). Need assessment for coastal tourism area in the face of tsunami risk: The case of Pangandaran. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering & Information Technology, 14(2).
Ramadhan, A. (2024). Disaster mitigation with local wisdom in the community of West Sumatra. Journal of Geographical Sciences and Education, 2(2), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.69606/geography.v2i2.90
Rezaldi, M. Y., Yoganingrum, A., Hanifa, N. R., Kaneda, Y., Kushadiani, S. K., Prasetyadi, A., & Riyanto, A. M. (2021). Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and photogrammetric technique for 3D tsunami safety modeling in Cilacap, Indonesia. Applied Sciences, 11(23), 11310. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311310
Riantini, M., Zakaria, W. A., Listiana, I., Ulfa, P. N., Mutolib, A., & Widyastuti, R. A. D. (2021). Impact of the Sunda Strait tsunami on fish production and environment in South Lampung Regency, Lampung. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 739, No. 1, p. 012021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/739/1/012021
Subarno, A., & Dewi, A. S. (2022). A systematic review of the shape of disaster education. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 986, No. 1, p. 012011). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/986/1/012011
Suhadha, A. G., & Julzarika, A. (2022). Dynamic displacement using DInSAR of Sentinel-1 in Sunda Strait. Trends in Sciences, 19(13), 4623. https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.4623
Susanti, D., & Pradjoko, D. (2023). The impact of coastal pollution on socio-economic life of Sukaraja fishermen 2008–2015. International Review of Humanities Studies, 7(1). https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/irhs/vol7/iss1/5
Triatmadja, R. (2024). Vegetation-based approach for tsunami risk reduction: Insights and challenges. Progress in Disaster Science, 100352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2024.100352
Triyoso, W., Kongko, W., Prasetya, G. S., & Suwondo, A. (2024). Study on earthquake and tsunami hazard: Evaluating probabilistic seismic hazard function (PSHF) and potential tsunami height simulation in the coastal cities of Sumatra Island. Frontiers in Built Environment, 10, 1310251. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2024.1310251
Utariningsih, W., Novalia, V., & Saifullah, T. (2023). Mitigation and community preparedness in anticipating tsunami disasters in Muara Batu, Aceh. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, 15(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v15i1.1542
Wahab, S., Yong, L. L., Chieng, W. K., Yamil, M., Sawal, N. A., Abdullah, N. Q., & Damanhuri, H. A. (2021). Post-traumatic stress symptoms in adolescents exposed to the earthquake in Lombok, Indonesia. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 680393. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680393
Wang, W., Song, Y., Huang, L., Shi, Y., & Zhang, C. (2025). Vulnerability assessment of disaster chains: A case study of rainstorm–landslide disaster chains in the Greater Bay Area. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 119, 105272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105272
Wood, N., Peters, J., Cheung, K. F., Yamazaki, Y., Calvo, D., & Guard, C. (2023). Modeling non-structural strategies to reduce pedestrian evacuation times for mitigating local tsunami threats in Guam. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 95, 103859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103859
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Rafi, Dhiya Ulhaq Riyan Putri, Sugeng Widodo, Rahma Kurnia Sri Utami, Abdurrahman Abdurrahman, Suhendro, Nasir Nayan (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 International license
