Spatial Relationship Between Seafloor Geomorphology and Biodiversity Extinction Risk in Indonesia Fisheries Management Area 573
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23960/jpg.v14.i2.154Keywords:
Biodiversity, Morphology, Red List Index, Risk, Fisheries Management AreaAbstract
Biodiversity patterns are closely associated with environmental conditions, including water depth and seafloor morphology. Indonesia Fisheries Management Area 573 (IFMA 573), located in the Indian Ocean south of Java to Nusa Tenggara, has distinctive oceanographic characteristics but faces increasing pressures on its marine ecosystems. This study assessed the spatial and temporal distribution of marine biodiversity extinction risk and examined its statistical association with seafloor morphology. Species occurrence records from GBIF.org covering 1899 to 2023 were analyzed using a threat-weighted Red List Index (RLI) calculated for each 200 km² spatial grid. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a significantly clustered distribution of biodiversity risk, with a Moran’s I value of 0.23 and a Zscore of 10.03. Species occurrences were recorded across approximately 61000 km², but only 5614.9 km², or 9.2%, overlapped with existing Marine Protected Areas. Although 80.7% of the occurrence records were concentrated in the epipelagic zone, areas classified as having medium to very high extinction risk were primarily identified in the bathypelagic and abyssal pelagic zones between southern Central Java and Nusa Tenggara. Robust regression analysis showed that seafloor morphology explained 36.06% of the variation in RLI values. Water depth was positively associated with RLI values (β = 0.2568, p < 0.001), whereas seafloor slope was negatively associated with RLI values (β = −0.1437, p < 0.001). These relationships represent statistical associations rather than direct causal effects. The findings should be interpreted cautiously because the historical occurrence records were unevenly distributed across space, time, and depth. The results support a targeted review of MPA boundaries, particularly where high biodiversity risk coincides with limited protection, accompanied by standardized deep-sea surveys and the integration of dynamic oceanographic variables.
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