Landslide Hazard Mapping Using the Spatial Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Mantewe District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23960/jpg.v14.i2.335Keywords:
Landslides, hazard, SMCA AHP, Geographic Information System (GIS)Abstract
This study aims to map landslide hazard levels and identify the relative influence of physical environmental factors in Mantewe District, Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Located near the Meratus Mountains, the district is characterized by varied terrain, steep slopes, weathered geological formations, and substantial rainfall, making spatial hazard assessment important for disaster mitigation and land-use planning. A quantitative spatial approach was employed by integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Spatial Multi-Criteria Analysis (SMCA), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Five experts representing geology, disaster management, spatial planning, academia, and field practice provided judgments for pairwise comparisons of five parameters: rainfall, slope gradient, land cover, geological conditions, and soil type. The resulting AHP weights were applied to standardized thematic layers using a GIS-based weighted overlay to produce a landslide hazard map. Rainfall received the highest weight (0.370), followed by slope gradient (0.243), land cover (0.155), geology (0.125), and soil type (0.107). The reported consistency ratio was 0.01, indicating acceptable consistency in the pairwise judgments. The resulting spatial classification identified three hazard levels: low, moderate, and high. Moderate hazard areas occupied the largest proportion of the district, while high hazard zones were concentrated in the northern and central areas, particularly around Gunung Raya and Emil Baru Villages. Low hazard areas were identified in parts of the southern district, including Mulya Jaya and Suka Damai, where terrain is relatively gentle. These results show that rainfall and slope gradient are the dominant components of the spatial hazard model, with land cover, geology, and soil type providing additional differentiation. The resulting map can inform district-level spatial planning, targeted hazard mitigation, and disaster preparedness, although its classes represent model-based hazard estimates rather than direct predictions of landslide occurrence.
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